Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

The United States House of Representatives has voted forward a bill that would end the restrictive Caesar Act sanctions on Syria, originally imposed during the rule of former leader Bashar al-Assad.

"One of the weapons originating from the Two Fingers. A formless sequence of ciphers comprise its blade, and as such no shield can repel it. Deals holy damage. The furtive inscription appears to hang ...

We independently review everything we recommend. We may get paid to link out to retailer sites, and when you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Learn more› By Jackie Reeve, Kaitlyn Wells ...

In this collection, we welcome submissions that further our understanding of species’ evolutionary responses to contemporary global change. This Collection seeks to highlight new innovative research ...

Jennifer Simonson is a business journalist with a decade of experience covering entrepreneurship and small business. Drawing on her background as a founder of multiple startups, she writes for Forbes ...

Highlight your research and enhance its visibility to your field by submitting to our Collections, carefully curated to capture trends in fast-moving fields of science and regularly associated with an ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more ...

What is Trumpism? After all these years, we’re still asking the question. For some, Trump’s second term has revealed the fascism that was there all along; others diagnose a peculiar combination of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...